Settlement - Transport

1. Traffic congestion is one of the most significant problems faced by towns and cities today

2. It causes billions of hours to be lost by drivers and passengers on Britain’s roads

3. It has occurred due to the huge number of vehicles on the roads

4. Traffic congestion causes problems such as air pollution, noise pollution, parking problems

5. It also causes accidents and dangers to pedestrians due to the large numbers of vehicles passing through settlements

6. Roads link settlements together, they can vary in size from country lanes to motorways

7. Roads have to be built stronger and need more maintenance as more vehicles use them.

8. The number of roads, and amount of traffic passing through settlements, means that safe places to cross the roads must be provided.

9. Public transport can provide links between settlements and offers an alternative to cars, reducing traffic congestion.

10. Public transport, including trains, trams and buses, can relieve traffic congestion and reduce air pollution.

11. Railways use less land than roads and one train can carry hundreds of passengers.

12. Buses also make more efficient use of fuel than cars, although both trains and buses do still contribute to pollution.

13. Trams have been introduced in some towns and cities.

14. They help to reduce congestion and pollution by moving large numbers of people effectively and efficiently.

15. Trams are usually electrically operated so they reduce noise and pollution.

16. Tram travel is comfortable, smooth and reliable as well as being safer than car travel.

17. Many people are put off using public transport because of the high costs and the fact that it is not always reliable.

18. Some areas have very limited services, which make it impossible for travellers to get to their destinations at appropriate times.

19. Many different schemes have been introduced in settlements to reduce traffic congestion.

20. Park and Ride schemes have been implemented.

21. More by-passes and ring roads have been built, but this is not always popular because of the environmental impact.

22. Some towns and cities have banned cars from the centres, or imposed a congestion charge.

23. Pedestrian areas have been introduced to provide a pleasanter, and safer environment for shopping.

24. Cycling is often the simplest and quickest way of getting around town.

25. Cycling improves levels of fitness, helps the environment and saves money.

26. Some areas are investing in designated cycle paths and routes.

27. Some areas even allow people to hire bicycles from a central pool.